Optical gain and photo-bleaching of organic dyes, quantum dots, perovskite nanoplatelets and nanodiamonds

Optical gain and resistance against photo-bleaching are key material parameters for practical applications in microlasers microphotonics. Here, we present studies of optical amplification a wide range materials, including fluorescent dyes, quantum dots rods, organic inorganic room temperature polaritons, nanodiamonds with emission from 430 to 680 nm. We used amplified spontaneous (ASE) each measure the gain. Robustness was determined by measuring intensity as function number excitation femtosecond pulses (106–1010) at various energy densities. show that pyrromethene laser dyes best emitters terms low good gain, whereas solid-state polariton materials better high stability. found all bleach completely after 106–109 illumination typical 0.1–0.6 GW/cm2 peak power density, an exception nanodiamonds. only shows no beyond 1010 300 fs pulse duration 0.16 density.